Attention Essays

What did Stanislavski mean by Imagination and Concentration/Attention Essays What did Stanislavski mean by Imagination and Concentration/Attention Paper What did Stanislavski mean by Imagination and Concentration/Attention Paper Stanislavski, referred to by many in the world of theatre as the dominant influence on actor training today, had many views and techniques he believed were necessary for an actor to feel or follow in order to be fully prepared for a role. All of these ideas and approaches to acting were directly part of the Stanislavski system. Imagination was key in his system in order to turn the play into a theatrical reality through invention. In conjunction with the magic if which can be interpreted as belief. For example, if this piece of paper was really an injured bird, then what would it look like? How would it feel? Why is it injured? It leads the actor to create details and facts about a certain object or character, which in turn make the situation easier to believe in. Personally when doing this exercise and watching as the bird was passed around the room, each person adding more detail to the situation, my belief in the bird heightened and I became more involved in the situation. Sympathy was evoked for the bird by one girl, showing that the exercise was working for many of us. Every new fact acted as a fixation to the imagination and intensified out belief. The If is magic because it gives the imagination that stimulatory nudge which will excite the actor into action. What was interesting was that before we were told exactly what the piece of paper was, the group thought that we were going to have to imagine something for ourselves, which would have been a lot harder. This showed me that I found it easier working with a preconceived idea, oppose to creating myself and entirely new one. For me, this meant that although I began to believe in the bird, perhaps imagining situations is not as easy as one may think, which is why circumstances and the magic if help a lot when imagining a situation. In An Actor Prepares, Stanislavski sets this out perfectly with I am I; but if I were and old oak tree, set in certain surrounding conditions, what would I do? In the preparation of a role this is crucial. In order to establish the realistic style of acting Stanislavski wanted to achieve, an actor must draw upon the realistic reactions of himself, and incorporate them into the role. Not only will this add to the depth of the character, it will make the audience relate more to the character. By asking questions about the role, it becomes explored until the actor knows and can understand why his character reacts in certain ways, or why he is there, how he came to be there etc. Therefore, the role becomes believed rather than pretended; the actor becomes the character. As Stanislavski said, parts in the play are the invention of the authors imagination, a whole series of ifs and given circumstances thought up by him. There is no such thing as actuality on stage. And this is true even when acting events in history, as the actor still has to imagine what it would have been like and ask questions about the character, as with the bird i. e. why am I here? It is not merely about the actor learning his lines as these will give him no ideas of their thoughts, feelings or impulses. All this must be made fuller and deeper by the actor. In this creative process imagination leads the actor. When preparing a role, research therefore had to be done into every aspect of the character. Imagination helps to set up a background, setting and tone for every scene and most importantly an explanation that is crucial for an actor to realize. Stanislavski states that when creating a role, you should first gather all the materials that have a bearing on it, and supplement them with more and more imagination. For example, if I was preparing the role of Masha in Chekhovs Three Sisters, I would want to explore the thoughts and motives and explanations behind Mashas language and expression. In conjunctions with this would be the Russian culture and her standing within her family. When fully satisfied with all that only the text could tell me, imagination would be set free and I could explore her tones in certain scenes and pace. I would imagine in some scenes like her triste with Vershinin, she would be very excited in her speech but in others with Kulygin, perhaps more melancholy and slow. Then would improvisation occur when I would imagine how she would move around e. t. c. Extending the magic If allows greater opportunity for character exploration as I would investigate Mashas reactions to diverse situations. Extending my imagination to the extent that I am completely at ease within my given circumstances allows me to become more relaxed on stage in the character. The use of Emotion Memory would be a vital part of preparing for playing the role of Masha. Sincerity of emotions, feelings that seem true in the given circumstances that is what we ask of a dramatist A fundamental part of creating the role would be in making the portrayal appear realistic and believable. By drawing experienced emotions together into a kind of reservoir, actually experiencing an emotion as I am acting would add to the appearance of Masha being real. For example, when Masha argues with her sisters, she is feeling lonely, hurt and angry. On stage I would be really experiencing these emotions, but they would not necessarily stem from the same situations. That is to say, for instance, the feelings of pain would not have to be the result of my love leaving me to be with his wife. All of this linked to the idea of creating a natural character on stage, in order to step away from the unrealistic style of acting before the late 1880s. Imagination can be used to create places familiar to ourselves, or to create fantasy situations. Both are important for an actor to accomplish as often it is harder to act on something in which you have no experience and it is necessary to create a difference between pretending and believing in a role. For example, when given the scenario of cooking a meal in a kitchen, instantaneously I imagined my own kitchen and began cooking as I would there i. e. with the stove in the same place, cupboards and drawers. This was simple to believe as I know my kitchen very well and found myself nudging drawers closed and other habits that I do in my kitchen. If I were to perform in a kitchen, I would most certainly use my own imagination to aid in a realistic portrayal of one as I see it. The situations in which we were put became more and more diverse, and as my experiences in those areas diminished, I found it much harder to imagine exactly as when in my kitchen what was happening or what the surroundings were like. Feeling the emotion in these situations was harder than believing or pretending the exercise was real, as although I had felt these emotions before, they were not as intense. Therefore, imagination is key in order to recall and keep fresh past events in an actors mind so the feelings can be replicated in new circumstances when needed. Stanislavski dais, Although our feelings and emotional experiences are changeable and incapable of being grasped exactly, images are much more easily and firmly fixed in our visual memories and can be recalled at will. One scenario placed us all on a train station in Brazil and asked us to create our own characters in an environment which is unfamiliar. This was difficult to imagine the totally unfamiliar as I have never seen a station in Brazil so naturally reverted back to my local station which was more comfortable to imagine and therefore act. The character creation and hence reactions to certain situations we were given had to be in character. I found this simple to act as I imagined my own reactions to circumstances and then incorporated those into what the created character would have. This I definitely did when we were told that our younger brother had died in front of us. It was hard to portray what my exact emotions would have been, however I did find myself on the brink of tears as undoubtedly I would be. As I have a younger brother, I found that the idea of his loss left me with intense emotions, however, if I were an only child I think it would have been harder to visualise such a feeling. The use of imagination and the magic if to create these circumstances and add emotions and detail to a play or sketch were highlighted greatly here. Concentration and attention helps the actor become completely absorbed in his work and therefore to forget the audience and other distractions, conquering their fear of the black hole of the auditorium. Concentration is helped greatly by imagination, belief magic if. If an actor can imagine completely that he is a certain character and become solely involved in it, it will seem as though nothing else is around. What is a performance will no longer seem so, and the actors attention remains fixed on what he is doing. The magnet of the audience is more powerful than many imagine. I myself know how fear of being ridiculed has made me more contained in my emotion when performing to others. When faced with an entire theatre full of people, watching your every move and prepared to criticise, it is no wonder that some find it hard to concentrate on their acting. As Stanislavski said, In order to get away from the auditorium you must be interested in something on the stage, be this the perfo rmance, your character, or point on your colleagues face. Whatever it is, an actor must have a point of attention not in the auditorium in order to not be sucked into the black hole. Even simple acts can become forced or strained when repeated on stage in front of hundreds of people so for an actor, it is necessary to learn how to walk or talk without the self-conscious nature we are all born with, or wondering why is that person looking at me? Therefore, when next on stage, it was seem more of a normality to be there oppose to in the general public. However, in performances, actors act together not alone. Stanislavski was aware that many performers tend to stop acting, or lose their concentration when they are not the main characters in a scene or when someone else is talking. Such performers make a great effort when they are speaking but not when they are listening. This tendency destroys the through line and causes the performer to move into and out of a role. That, in turn, weakens the sense of the ensemble the playing together of all the performers. Therefore, concentration is about what is happening on stage also, not only to overcome audience fear. Therefore, when preparing and rehearsing a role, an actor must become concentrated on being attentive to an object on stage and forgetting the auditorium/audience. However, there is a danger of becoming too concentrated on an object and therefore losing the realistic appearance on stage. Letting your attention wander around stage is more realistic than a singular stare. Stanislavski referred to the extent or range of concentration as a circle of attention. This circle of attention can be compared to a circle of light on a darkened stage. The performer should begin with the idea that it is a small, tight, circle including only himself or herself and perhaps one other person or one piece of furniture. When the performer has established a strong circle of attention, he or she can enlarge the circle outward to include the entire stage area. In this way performers will stop worrying about the audience and lose their self-consciousness. As a result, concentration can help and actor to overcome fear of the audience, and as such make their performance more realistic. Perhaps in Three Sisters the piano would be good to let your attention wander upon, or out of the placed window. Especially for Irina who in the first Act is very nostalgic, concentration and attention would be crucial to have. Irina is supposed to look far-away and lost in her own thoughts, so if I was playing her, I would be pausing upon objects to examine before turning my attention to something else. Concentration can make the actor seem more relaxed and therefore the character will be played more freely. In conclusion, imagination and concentration/attention can greatly aid the preparation of a role. Together, they make the outward behaviour of the performer gestures, voice, and the rhythm of movements- natural and convincing. The actor conveys the goals and objectives-the inner needs of a character. Even if all the visible manifestations of a character are mastered, a performance will appear superficial and mechanical without a deep sense of conviction and belief. The life of the character onstage is made not only dynamic but continuous. Some performers tend to emphasize only the high points of a part; in between, the life of the character stops. In real life, however, people do not stop living. Imagination greatly helps the character to be continuous in conjunction with the magic if. Lastly they help to develop a strong sense of ensemble playing with other performers in a scene, and the interactions between them as all actins onstage have a purpose. The self-consciousness becomes lost and a more realistic portrayal of a character can be set free.

The Murder of Anchorwoman Ann Pressly

The Murder of Anchorwoman Ann Pressly On October 20, 2008, Anne Pressly, a popular morning anchorwoman at KATV television, was found badly beaten in the bedroom of her home in the Pulaski Heights section of Little Rock. She was found by her mother who went to check on her after she failed to answer a wake-up call. Every bone in her face was broken, her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand will trying to fight off her attacker. She died five days later as a result of her injuries without regaining consciousness. Recent Developments Man Convicted in Anchorwomans Murder Previous Developments Judge Refuses to Delay Anchorwoman Case Trial Anchorwoman Suspect Says Police Tricked HimOct. 8, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman testified that the police used threats and tricks to get him to confess to the crime and give different versions of what happened. Suspect in Anchorwoman Death Refuses ExaminationJune 16, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman has refused to undergo a court-ordered mental examination. Court papers said Curtis Lavelle Vance refused the exam, but he did so in a rational manner. Accused Anchorwoman Killer Faces EvaluationMay 5, 2009The man facing trial for killing a popular Little Rock television news anchor will face a mental evaluation at the request of his attorneys. Curtis Lavelle Vance is charged with the murder of Anne Pressly. Anchorwomans Accused Killer Charged in RapeApril 11, 2009The man accused of killing a popular Little Rock, Arkansas television anchorwoman has entered a not guilty plea to rape and burglary in a separate case. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, was linked to the rape in his hometown of Marianna by DNA evidence collected in the Ann Pressly case, police said. Parents Say Pressly Was Sexually AssaultedDec. 1, 2008The parents of a television anchorwoman who was beaten to death in her home say she was also sexually assaulted. Anne Pressly was beaten so badly her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand trying to defend herself, her parents told NBCs Today show. DNA Links Murder Suspect to Earlier RapeNov. 28, 2008The Arkansas man arrested for the murder of a popular television anchorwoman in Little Rock has been linked through DNA evidence in that case to the rape of a school teacher in April. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, is being held without bond for the murder of Anne Pressly. Man Charged in Anchorwomans Beating DeathNov. 26, 2008A 28-year-old Arkansas man has been arrested in the death of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman who was found beaten in her home in October. Curtis Lavelle Vance of Marianna was charged with capital murder in the death of 26-year-old Anne Pressly. Reward Offered for Clues in Anchorwomans MurderOct. 25, 2008A $30,000 reward is being offered for information in the case of an Arkansas television anchorwoman who was found brutally beaten in her home last week. Anne Pressly, 26, died from the injuries that she received in the apparent home-invasion robbery a week ago.

Apply Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apply Critical Thinking - Essay Example In childhood education literature we also witness ‘non sequitors’, which is an attempt to create a cause and effect relationship where none exists. For example, the claim that, since enrolments to schools have increased over time the overall standards must have also gotten better is a non-sequitor. Empirical studies show no correlation between these two parameters. ‘Faulty Analogy’ is comparing apples with oranges. To say that public schooling will fail in the USA because it has failed to impress in China or India is a faulty analogy. One has to also take into account the economic, social, cultural and political conditions that bear upon educational outcomes. ‘Equivocation’ is the deliberate attempt to confuse the reader by obscuring one’s position on the subject. A policy maker or legislator who says that public schooling should be encouraged while also supporting government austerity measures is guilty of equivocating. Equivocation is c losely tied to logical contradiction. Finally, a commonly found fallacy in childhood education literature is that of ‘petitio principii’, also called ‘begging the question’. If proponents of the existing education system are correct in their praise of the system, it then begs the question why American children fare poorly in comparison to their counterparts in Western European

Analyse your online presence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyse your online presence - Essay Example The question that has come up today is whether in reality the images that people have on the social networks are their real images in the society. Indeed, the images portrayed in the online presence are virtually different from the real images of the people in society. Facebook is a social site that has garnered a lot of favoritism from its subscribers since the day it was launched back in the year 2004. Today this social site has attracted over a billion users and the rate is subscription is increasing tremendously. Just like other social sites, Facebook has revolutionized to become an accommodating service that diversified users can use to meet their specific needs. The service now allows users to have access to marketing pages, make video and voice calls, share their opinions, message and even follow your favorite friends (Ryan, 2011). When I learnt about Facebook after my high school education, I was excited by the fact that this was a celebrity site that already existed among nu merous members of my social spheres. I admired the kind of fun that this site was offering to its users but with less exposure to the internet I remained passive in the matter although was already building from my colleagues who were already accessing the site. One year after my school education, I finally had a better phone and more access to the netculture and this was the best platform to start my account. One of the reasons why I decided to join Facebook and not any other site is because it was one of the famous sites in the world today and it was the term in the words of many youths during this period. Secondly, I was fascinated by the flexibility of this site and the numerous services that I could enjoy from this site. The first dialogue box in the Facebook account was â€Å"what’s on your mind† a feature that I like because I could update my message of the day and all my friends would respond to this message, and we would spend a whole day replying to these mess ages. Also, I was able to choose share personalized message with my friends through the Inbox option and this was this was a private and secure service that concealed most of my private life. Later, when I learnt that I could make a video call with my Facebook account, I found myself more attached to a free wireless internet service that provided in my college. In a nutshell, Facebook has remained a favorite site that has, as I intended, kept me relevant in the social circles. Today, the dynamic internet culture has led to the development of multiple social sites that are specific in functionality and that offer a wide range of services that are synchronized to its primary purpose. While social sites such as twitter, Facebook and WhatsApp are dominated by socialites, others such as Linked In is meant for career purposes and is dominated by professional seeking to share more professional information. Payton and Claypoole (2012) have pointed out to the multi-identity nature of the peo ple in their online presence. Principally it is impossible to tell the identity of a person from their online presence as the media provides the people with the chance to make virtual images of themselves that may not at all reflect their image in the society. While a person may appear naked in one on social sites, they may look totally different in a more professional site

Reducing Violence in Society Essay Example for Free

Reducing Violence in Society Essay Finn’s that â€Å"we really understand the market only when we examine it within its [full] political, social, and cultural context† (p. 144). His use of the term the â€Å"moral ecology of markets† refers to his concept that markets involve complex interactions among a wide range of social factors that must be studied like an ecological system. Finn has identified four areas of morality:(1) government imposed constraints to markets that prevent market abuses, also they various opinions from left and right hinge on where fences should be built (2) the provision of essential goods and services to all persons, that means to redress distributional shortcomings of the market and balanced the demand and supply. (3) the morality of individuals and groups to restrain individual pursuit of self-interest by virtue. 4) the presence of civil society, in other worlds voluntary associations of individuals to achieve common goals. He suggests, is not between addressing these problems through totally free markets on the one hand, or some sort of centrally planned system on the other, since all real-world economic systems include some mix of markets and government involvement. Market systems provide some boundaries that limit or prohibit certain practices, and planned economies allow some decisions to be made by individuals. For all points of view from left to right, the assessment of justice will depend not only on the structure for markets themselves but also on the context of markets. Finn provides an economic defense of self-interest and market. Because he tried to believe that libertarians seek to defend markets without recourse to moral claims. However, they have failed eventually, because any defense of markets necessarily involves some moral claims, and indeed libertarians do accept some claims, though often implicitly. So that Finn proposes the â€Å"four problems of economic life†Ã¢â‚¬â€allocation, distribution, scale, and quality of relations—which all economic systems must address. The economic problems are interrelated, and attempts to solve on can have a beneficial or detrimental effects on the others. Begins with the â€Å"construction of fences† that defines the bounds of allowable market fences. They allow the established fences people are free to pursue their own interests. Simultaneously, USA people agree that current market fences are morally sufficient to prevent abuses. Since Finn argues that do acting on self-interest within the game is allowed. The executives should be responsible to shareholders and employees. It is not just corporation get profits as a main purpose, but also managers should consider others. For example a company had shortage, executives does not lay off its workers during a downturn in demand but rather reduces the wages and salaries of company employees, because everybody has right to pursue their self-interest. Employees also need to pay for their family or terrible life. Also, each person have desire to pursue self-interest in social and allow do acting within rules what they made, like the â€Å"construction of fences†, the multi-national corporation should obligate to treat all teams be fair. Finn’s arguments are not convincing. I do not think Finn’s account of self-interest promote mutual understanding. First, Finn’s account of self-interest fails to recognize that in most market exchanges neither the buyer nor the seller takes explicit account of his or her self-interest, nor the interest of others, but each simply â€Å"goes about his or her business. For example if I back to home and by the way go to supermarket to buy fruits and milk, I make calculations nor do I consider tradeoffs. I simply select the items, pay my bill, and head for home. I pursue my self-interest because I base my decision on factors such as convenience, bargains, but how often do â€Å"abuses† arise on account of self-interested behavior ? Second, Finn’s account of self-interest is that he seems to equate self-interested behavior with market behavior. A government officer might seek to enlarge his budget, or the number of workers reporting to him, so as to increase his salary.

Cuisine Essay -- Health, Food

A cuisine cannot simply be defined as a particular group of food associated with a geographic location. To understand a cuisine equal understanding of the culture to which it belongs must exist. A culture, such as the population of Italy, manipulates the presentation and substances of a cuisine to something representative of that culture. This makes a cuisine much more than food on a plate; a cuisine includes history, both of those making the dish and the ingredients and cooking styles that form the final product. A cuisine includes pride of nationality and personality. Similarly culture is more than a geographic location; it is a way of living and a respect for a group of beliefs and traditions. To understand this relationship between culture and cuisine certain information must be addressed; information such as the demographic figures surrounding a culture, the specific effect Italian culture has on Italian food, as well as the ingredients and cooking skills applied in the Italian cuisine. Consequences of the Italian cuisine will also be identified, both nutritional value and health detriments and how these effects may continue into the future. Cuisine can be split into two stages: pre-swallow and post-swallow (Crotty 1995). Pre-swallow is based around social aspects of cuisine (Gallegos 2011) such as who does the cooking and why people eat the food that they eat. Post-swallow is concerned with the effects food has once eaten; post-swallow also deals with the nutritional and health impacts that food has on consumers. When deconstructing a cuisine it becomes clear that demographic information plays an important role in the pre-swallow stage. Gender, age, location, religion and government influence all have a contribution to s... ... continue to rise. A symptom of obesity, cardiovascular disease, remains the highest cause of death in Italy at 16% (World Health Organisation 2006) followed by cerebrovascular disease, better known as a stroke, at 14%. Both of these diseases are caused by diet, particularly a high cholesterol diet and with western food chains such as McDonalds becoming more entrenched in Italian culture it is reasonable to believe these causes of death will remain the same into the future unless a regression into healthy local Italian cuisine is taken. To conclude, Italy is a diverse location both in terms of geographic regions and cultural traditions, it is only fitting that it has a diverse cuisine, full of history, religion and most important of all the soul of the Italian people. Its mark on world cuisine through innovation and passion last a long time.

Nature of Poverty Essay

The nature of poverty can be described in many ways. The obvious way to explain poverty is the lack of income. However, in the deeper meaning, poverty also includes those who lack of security, healthcare, power, and other basic necessities. Poverty can be categorised in terms of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is household based measure by income per year under a statistic developed by government which will aid those who are poor by giving them money depending on the number of members in the family on a yearly basis. While, relative poverty focus on people’s living with no statistic. For instance, if a family has 10 members but they have only 3 cars, they can be regarded as poor. Nevertheless, there are three common methods that use to measure the level of poverty. The first method defines poverty as a lack of income, which can be measured by World Bank. The absolute poverty for this case is a cut up point above or below the certain amount of income. Yet, this method has a major drawback. Since it focuses solely on income and ignoring other important factors such as social well-being or the general welfare of people, this method fails to provide the whole aspect of poverty. Secondly, UNDP measures poverty in terms of the lack of capability. It is known as Human Poverty Index that indicates the standard of living of the people in the country, which are life expectancy, life satisfaction, and footprint. This method provide not only deeper but also broader ways of measuring and assessing poverty. It looks pass the income factor and takes into consideration the non-monetary aspects, which generate the more well-rounded information and results. However, there are some critics that this method cannot truly measure the level of the poor since statistics and numerals are unable to measure people’s feelings. It is said that we cannot know how others feel unless we walk in their shoes, therefore, in order to get the accurate result, living with the poor is required. Lastly, poverty as a social exclusion is mentioned by Robert Chambers about the nature of poverty. Chambers introduces the bottom-up theory, which suggests that people should actually work with the rural poor who lack of power to speak out, security, and live with fears. Therefore, the approach is carried out to get an in depth understanding of what are the real meanings of poverty by associating directly with the poor. By this view, Chambers tends to provide qualitative method while other methods are quantitative based. Although this method  provides useful information of the poor, there are few flaws to be considered. Because the outcome is mainly based on qualitative methods such as verbal communication, there is a high tendency that the outcome will be bias. Moreover, snapshot may occur. For example, the interview conducted during the harvest season might get a better result than the actual reality. Therefore, the long-term picture should be taking into account in order for the outcome to be more anthological and longitudinal. Another problem is that people may not be honest, which is called courtesy bias. This way people will only answer what the researchers want to hear and leave the truth out. Thus, sometimes researchers may ask them to draw the picture of their life, which turns out to be a better way to get the real answer. Chambers talks more about vulnerability and isolation of people. For example, the poor cannot transport to sell the goods. In conclusion, there are several ways to measure the level of poverty. Three most common methods are the lack of income, HPI by UNDP (lack of capability) and social exclusion by Robert Chambers. Each method uses different viable and factors to indicate the level of poverty, all have their own advantages and criticisms. Therefore, each one is suitable and appropriate in different situations and purposes. However, in my opinion, even though, the lack of income method might be easier to measure and assess, the social exclusion theory by Robert Chambers could provide the real well-being of people since it includes the important of non-monetary factors that are crucial for the welfare of people.

Glass Castle Essay

There are references of bad parenting around the world every single day. Everybody is always so quick to point the finger on someone else’s choices and behaviors, that they don’t even notice to look back and reflect on themselves. Even though I am not a parent I am sure every day it comes with its struggles and obstacles. Like I said before, because I am not yet a parent and don’t plan on being one anytime soon I always have the up most respect for them. Of course from time to time there are going to be instances that you regret like any human naturally does. But that label what kind of person that you are, and especially labeled as a â€Å"bad parent† I personally don’t understand how we can judge people for what kind of parent that may be when society is so hypocritical. Often we choose what’s right and wrong but do we really know the difference? How can one parent psychically abuse their child and another parent give them so much attention that there â€Å"suffocated† but both examples being labeled as a â€Å"bad parent†. But in some circumstances when children are getting bad parenting all it takes is for the child to completely forgive the parent and that’s a great achievement in itself to make. All it takes one little piece of his or her inner character that holds such an influence on the child that it will always make her unquestionably love them. In the book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette Walls is that child, reminiscing her favorite childhood memories spent with her family. Jeannette and Rex Walls shared some of the best moments of her life, regardless of Rex’s clear irresponsibility and destruction brought onto her now aspects of her life. Despite the many instances in which her father failed to protect his children, refused to take responsibility for them, and even stole from them they always stayed by his side even up to his last days. Jeannette still loved him until his dying day for a couple reasons of course. First off that’s her father, Secondly he made her feel special and lastly for his never ending inspiration that he had for himself and his family that she admired. When were leaded through the Christmas scene in which her father gave his children stars for presents, Jeannette often recalls Rex as an intelligent and loving father and teacher. With her describing the memory with so much gratitude in her tone. Jeannette begins by saying, â€Å"we had no money at all,† The fact that the way she described this moment it was as if that her family’s differences and financial struggles were gone at this moment (39). This shows his moment of being a real â€Å"Dad†. Jeannette’s overall admiration for her father was shown when she described that the stars were â€Å"one of the special treats for people† like Jeannette (39). Her father also often compared their family with the â€Å"rich city folks† and leads her to think, â€Å"We’d have to be out of our minds to want to travel places with any of them† (39). With the straight-forwardness of this story. Jeannette describes her father with very simple attributes. As her now use of basic language reveals her experience of any bad upbringing and shows only achievement’s of her experience. Her father’s ability to make her feel unique is one of the main reasons why she holds onto him when others give up on him, as that ability gave her one of the most significant moments of her life. The sentence â€Å"And he gave me Venus† conveys a lot of meaning (40). This emphasizes her excitement in the action of her father giving the special present. Perhaps the fact that she was able to receive a planet when her other siblings received stars as presents made her feel so positive about herself. It becomes obvious that Jeannette’s admiration accumulates at this moment as she continues to describe the experience in good terms. The final quote at the end of the passage, as her father says â€Å"Years from now†¦you’ll still have your stars† is another strong example of her father emphasizing her uniqueness. As he clearly sets the Walls children apart from the others that they could of never received. Jeannette also learns a valuable lesson from her father at the zoo. It becomes a characteristic for Rex to praise his children for their uniqueness. It is her trust in him that allows her to fully believe in him. A certain calmness and fascination comes over Rex at this time. Finally, during her last visit to see her father as he confirms that he is dying, Jeanette admits how inspirational he is to her. She admits her reflects her father’s continuous effect on her, even as he is about to die. She sums up her relationship in two clear, complex sentences, saying, â€Å"But despite all the hell-raising and destruction and chaos he had created in our  lives, I could not imagine what my life would belike—what the world would be like—without him in it. As awful as he could be, I always knew he loved me in a way no one else had† (279). The uniqueness that he makes her feel feeds for her affection for him. Ironically, just as he had a special love for her, that was on was only for her, she was the only person in his life who hel d onto his love and respected him regardless of his other issues. Throughout Jeannette Wall’s life, the challenges and setbacks she faced we tremendously hard to to imagine and probably to even experience. The way that Jeanette portrays herself now you would never imagine all that she went through. As the question was stated if I thought that Rew Walls was a bad parent? I say No. Yes. Of course he had a fair amount of decisions that he made for himself and his family that he shouldn’t of but that made him into the person that his family loved and adored him for. We have to constantly remember that were human and were going to make mistakes and I am sure I Rex Walls was here today he would say the same thing.

The Dog That Will Not Die!

The Dog That Will Not Die! Free Online Research Papers In this world there are several things I dislike, but most of all I dislike my roommate’s dog. He drives me crazy. I have several reasons not to like this dog; it is old and grumpy, it stinks, and it thinks it can sleep on anything in the house. There are so many more reasons for me not to like this animal. I ask myself everyday why will this dog not die or just go somewhere else and stay out of my life. First off, this dog isn’t a cute little puppy; it’s an eight year old Chihuahua from the depths of hell. His owner, Brooklyn, named him Simon for some reason, but I call him Satin. He has this hideous tan fur that is turning white like an elderly man and huge, bulging eyes that look in separate directions. This animal is so grumpy, every time we have company over it attacks them like they are an escaped prisoner being attacked by the k9 unit. Brooklyn says he is so aggressive because of all the medications he is on. I disagree, I think he is just stupid and doesn’t realize what he is doing. Every time I hear this dog bark, which is anytime anyone moves, I clinch my fists and mumble profanity under my breath. If animal cruelty wasn’t a crime I would beat this animal until he obeyed, which I doubt will ever happen with that dog. Another thing that bothers me about this dog is its horrible dog odor. This creature smells like it sleeps on road kill. He goes to the groomer all the time, but it obviously does no good. Everything this dog sits on stinks. He also sheds his fur on our furniture. It drives me crazy. I hate getting it on my clothes when I sit down. I just don’t understand why he can’t stay outside like all animals should. My parents didn’t allow animals in our house back home, so I’m not used this. This dog obviously isn’t fit for being a house dog. I’m surprised he doesn’t use the bathroom on the floors. He does everything else wrong so why not? His owner thinks he is so perfect. I tell her everyday how much I just want to punt it out side. Lastly, this beast thinks he owns the house. Last time I checked he wasn’t paying any rent. He gets mad if anyone walks by his bed, sits close to him, or even makes a loud sound. He acts like this is his territory and everyone else are intruders. I cannot even have company over without locking him in his room. It makes me so angry. I feel like I’m not welcomed in my own house because I get attacked every time I come home. This dog’s behavior is so ridiculous. It is pretty bad when you want to move to get away from a dog. In conclusion, this dog drives me insane. I cannot stress enough how this dog makes me feel. It stinks up our house, attacks everyone and just ruins my day. It’s not like I’m an animal hater or I haven’t tried to make things better. I’ve had many talks with my roommate, but it is no use. She always has an excuse for its behavior. I’ve given up on trying to make peace with this dog. I guess I will never be able to enjoy living on my own while he’s around. I doubt he will live much long, but right now it seems like he will never die. Research Papers on The Dog That Will Not Die!Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Spring and AutumnUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringThe Hockey Game

A Brief History of Writing

A Brief History of Writing The history of writing instruments, which humans have used to record and convey  thoughts, feelings and grocery lists is, in some ways, the history of civilization itself. It is through the drawings, signs, and words weve recorded that weve come to understand the story of our species.   Some of the first tools used by early humans were the hunting club and the handy sharpened-stone. The latter, initially used as an all-purpose skinning and killing tool, was later adapted into the first writing instrument. Cavemen scratched pictures with the sharpened-stone tool onto the walls of  cave dwellings. These drawings represented events in daily life such as the planting of crops or hunting victories. With time, the record-keepers developed systematized symbols from their drawings. These symbols represented words and sentences, but were easier and faster to draw. Over time, these symbols became shared and universalized among small, groups and later, across different groups and tribes as well. It was the discovery of clay that made portable records possible. Early merchants used clay tokens with pictographs to record the quantities of materials traded or shipped. These tokens date back to about 8500 B.C. With the high volume of and the repetition inherent in record keeping, pictographs evolved and slowly lost their detail. They became abstract-figures representing sounds in spoken communication. Around 400 B.C., the Greek alphabet was developed and began to replace pictographs as the most commonly-used form of visual communication. Greek was the first script written from left to right. From Greek followed the Byzantine and then the Roman writings. In the beginning, all writing systems had only uppercase letters, but when the writing instruments were refined enough for detailed faces, lowercase was used as well (around 600 A.D.) The Greeks employed a writing stylus made of metal, bone or ivory to place marks upon wax-coated tablets. The tablets were made in hinged pairs and closed to protect the scribes notes. The first examples of handwriting also originated in Greece and it was the Grecian scholar Cadmus who invented the written alphabet. Across the globe, writing was developing beyond chiseling pictures into stone or wedging pictographs into wet clay. The Chinese invented and perfected Indian Ink. Originally designed for blacking the surfaces of raised stone-carved hieroglyphics, the ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke and lamp oil mixed with the gelatin of donkey skin and musk. By 1200 B.C., the ink invented by the Chinese philosopher, Tien-Lcheu (2697 B.C.), became common. Other cultures developed inks using the natural dyes and colors derived from berries, plants and minerals. In early writings, different colored inks had ritual meaning attached to each color. The invention of ink  paralleled that of of paper. The early Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and Hebrews used papyrus and parchment papers began using parchment paper around 2000 B.C., when the earliest piece of writing on Papyrus known to us today, the Egyptian Prisse Papyrus was created.   The Romans created a reed-pen perfect for parchment and ink from the hollow tubular-stems of marsh grasses, especially from the jointed bamboo plant. They converted bamboo stems into a primitive form of fountain pen and cut one end into the form of a pen nib or point. A writing fluid or ink filled the stem and squeezing the reed forced fluid to the nib. By the year 400, a stable form of ink developed, a composite of iron-salts, nutgalls and gum. This became the basic formula for centuries. Its color when first applied to paper was a bluish-black, rapidly turning into a darker black before fading to the familiar dull brown color commonly seen in old documents. Wood-fiber paper was invented in China in the year 105 but was not widely used throughout Europe until paper mills were built in the late 14th century. The writing instrument that dominated for the longest period in history (over one-thousand years) was the quill pen. Introduced around the year 700, the quill is a pen made from a bird feather. The strongest quills were those taken from living birds in the spring from the five outer left wing feathers. The left wing was favored because the feathers curved outward and away when used by a right-handed writer. Quill pens lasted for only a week before it was necessary to replace them. There were other disadvantages associated with their use, including a lengthy preparation time. Early European writing parchments made from animal skins required careful scraping and cleaning. To sharpen the quill, the writer needed a special knife.  Ã‚  Beneath the writers high-top desk was a coal stove, used to dry the ink as quickly as possible. Plant-fiber paper became the primary medium for writing after another dramatic invention took place. In 1436,  Johannes Gutenberg  invented the printing press with replaceable wooden or metal letters. Later, newer printing technologies were developed based on Gutenbergs printing machine, such as offset printing. The ability to mass-produce writing in this way revolutionized the way  humans communicate. As much as any other invention since the sharpened-stone, Gutenbergs printing press set forth a new era of human history.

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 1

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references - Essay Example This document examines the liability of the employers in the process of issuance of references in relation to this law. References are documents given to potential employers addressing the employee’s ability to determine their suitability for a given job description. Potential employers use it to offers or reject the employee’s request to obtain a job. Based on this purpose, references are professional documents that carry a lot of weight pertaining to the fact that they can make one get or loose a job and hence economic income. The common law of duty of care is applied in the intervention of conflicts which arise in the process of compiling this document. According to Myers (2011), there are, however, various ramifications involved in the process of giving references, while considering the common law of duty of care. First, the reference is supposed to be accurate while at the same time the employer confines himself within the terms of contract between him/her and empl oyee. If it is alluded in the terms that the trust and confidence must be maintained; and the employer disrespects this by way of disclosing information which depicts lack of trust by the employee then the employer must take full legal liability for having dishonored the terms and conditions of agreement. This on the other hand means the potential employer may suffer for considering the employee because of the hidden misconduct. As such the potential employee may consider seeking legal redress over the misinformation, holding the former employer liable for it. This is due to differences in terms and conditions of contract given by the two employers to the same employee. The major challenge in using this law to intervene in such a situation is that where the employee move from one employer to another with totally different terms and conditions of contract, the law becomes difficult to implement. Eden (2011) asserts that in order to reduce but not absolutely escape the risk of liabili ty for references, employers may refuse to give reference, limit reference to factual matters including dates of employment and job titles or include a disclaimer, i.e. that the reference is given on the basis that the employer accepts no liability which may arise from the reliance on the information therein. But there are guidelines to following considering the ways of reducing the risk of issuing references. The employer does not just decide to adopt one. Absconding from giving reference may not be a choice for the employer since the terms of contract implies it under the considerations. Considerations in the employment situation are promises made by the employer o the employee. They include things that have economic value and do not cover what was given in the past (Jones, 2011). It is an obligation for employers because failure to do so may amount to an individual missing out on employment opportunity. This can be challengeable in the court of law by the employee. Therefore they are obliged to issue recommendation upon request. A disclaimer is usually preferred by the employers. It somehow shields the employer from being victimized by the terms and conditions in his/her own company. It does not however absolutely protect him from legal suit. Disclaimer will be stated by the employer after having specified the employment details of the

Ban on Tobacco and Governments Attempts to Regulate It Essay

Ban on Tobacco and Governments Attempts to Regulate It - Essay Example The white paper in 1998 promised new action to tackle tobacco to reduce 1, 06,000 deaths in UK due to smoking. The regulation targets the nine million adults in UK, who still smoke in 2002. Now it has been decreased, but still there is reasonable number of smokers in UK, which needs regulation. According to Statutory instrument 2006 No. 3368 UK regulations ensure smoke free premises and enforcement. According to the act, the smoking is banned in enclosed premises as the smoking in them may result in polluted environment. The responsibility of enforcement of the act lies with port health authority and unitary authority. As the authorities are entitled with the responsibility of ensuring smoke free enclosures or premises, they have to be prepared with the legal aspects that help in enforcement. The important aspect in regulating the smoking is to stop the production. As it does not happen with the above regulation, the government is trying to minimise the consumption and is trying to make the closed premises smoke and pollution free, so that the passive smokers as well as smokers can avoid some serious diseases. In addition to the above context, Government tried to regulate the tobacco by labelling of packaging, regulating the content in tobacco products, restricting the sal e of tobacco to young people of a certain age limit. However, the last aspect in the just mentioned topics cannot be implemented properly as the administration cannot contain the sale of tobacco products to children or young people of certain age. In case of second aspect mentioned above, the restrictions of sale of tobacco resulted in counterfeit sales of cigarettes and other tobacco products and it resulted in loss to exchequer despite sales going on. The labelling of packaging is not much effective as most of the smokers do not buy packets of cigarettes. Though it is effective in some classes of people, the labelling did not decrease smoking in lower economic class people who buy cigarettes not as a pack but single cigarettes. In addition to that the legislation made in 2002 regarding manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products resulted in hard hitting health warnings. The act prohibited the advertisements of cigarette and tobacco product manufacturing companies, which indicate that they are less injurious to health. The Government started to give picture warnings, which are understandable with least reading and concentration. The picture warnings started from 2008 on cigarette denoting that the people will die a slow death by smoking cigarettes, which indicates premature death. However, the premature death cannot restrain young or energetic smokers who do not care much about health and death as they are strong enough. However, the above signals can restrain middle aged and old aged smokers who face health problems due to smoking. Hence, the graphic picture warnings on cigarette packs regarding rotting teeth and lungs, throat cancer can create thinking in smokers about their health from 1st Octo ber. Out of millions of smokers, just 90,000 smokers called NHS smoking helpline to know about the health problems and ways and means to quit smoking. The statutory instruments did not turn out to be a full success as only small amount of the